Listing last updated: January 3, 2006

• Submission by the Network of Sex Work Projects to the Senate Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Parliament of The Commonwealth of Australia, Regarding the Criminal Code Amendment (Trafficking In Persons Offences) Bill 2004 (PDF: AU-TRAFFICK-NSWP.PDF) — By Khartini Slamah, Board Chair, Network of Sex Work Projects. February 16, 2005.
  • Appendix A — Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking (PDF: UN-E2002-68.PDF) — Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council. United Nations, Economic and Social Council, May 20, 2002.
  • Appendix B — Integration Of The Human Rights Of Women And The Gender Perspective: Violence Against Women. (PDF: UN-E2000-68.PDF) — Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, on trafficking in women, women's migration and violence against women, submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights resolution 1997/44. United Nations, Economic and Social Council (E/CN.4/2000/68), February 29, 2000.
• What is "demand" in the context of trafficking in persons? (PDF: BEIJING-DEMAND.PDF) — Submitted to Beijing +10: The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women by the Sex Workers Project at the Urban Justice Center, Network of Sex Work Projects, and Prostitutes of New York, March 2005.
• Report on the human rights violations women are subjected to when "rescued" by anti-trafficking groups who employ methods using deception, force and coercion — Report from Empower, Chiang Mai, Thailand, June 2003.
• The anti-sex work anti-trafficking agenda: a threat to sex workers' health and human rights — Statement from the Network of Sex Work Projects (Booth 98) at the XIV International Conference on AIDS, Barcelona, July 2002.
• Commentary on the Draft Protocol To Combat International Trafficking In Women And Children Supplementary To The Draft Convention On Transnational Organized Crime — NSWP position paper co-written by NSWP members using the NSWP Email List! January, 1999.
• Trafficking Statement — From the North American Delegates of the Network of Sex Work Projects at the Beijing Conference on Women, 1995

• Statement on Dignity of Sex Workers (PDF: BEIJING-DIGNITY.PDF)— Submitted to the Beijing +10 Fourth World Conference on Women by Prostitutes of New York
  Prostitutes of New York (PONY) is an organization of many kinds of workers in New York City's sex industry. PONY is a member of the international Network of Sex Work Projects, which advocates for the rights of sex workers around the world. We are concerned about two keywords that have arisen in anti-sex work anti-trafficking advocacy: "demand" and "dignity." This statement addresses use of the term "dignity."
• PONY Statement on Demand — Submitted to the Beijing +10 Fourth World Conference on Women by Prostitutes of New York. Written by Jo Doezema and Melissa Ditmore, March 2005.
• The Bangkok call for justice for women migrant workers — Partners in Change, Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW), November 6-8, 2002, Bangkok.
• Israeli government must stop human rights abuses against trafficked women — Amnesty International Press Release, May 18, 2000.

• A response to Janice Raymond's : '10 reasons for 'Not Legalizing Prostitution' (PDF) - By Dr Helen J. Self
  A response to Janice Raymond's article arguing against legalization of prostitution
• Unholy Alliance: Some feminists are in bed with the Christian Right, helping secure foreign policy that works against women in the sex trade — By Anna Louise Crago, Alternet.org, May 21, 2003
• Abuses against sex workers and erosions of HIV prevention efforts resulting from anti-trafficking initiatives — Shyamala Ashok, Pondicherry, India, November 2002.
  The following is direct testimony from a Pondicherry-based NGO, SFDRT describing exactly how anti-trafficking programmes are rolling out IN PRACTICE. Whatever the theory of anti-trafficking, UNAIDS, ILO, UNDP, USAID and others must see that in practice anti-trafficking initiatives are a direct threat to sexual health programmes and to the human rights of sex workers and migrants.
• The ideology of trafficking (PDF: DOEZEMA-IDEOLOGY.PDF) — By Jo Doezema, PhD, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton. Presented at: Work Conference 'Human Trafficking,' November 15, 2002, Center for Ethics and Value Inquiry (CEVI), Ghent University.
• Redefining prostitution as sex work on the international agenda — By Jo Bindman, Anti-Slavery International. With participation of Jo Doezma, Network of Sex Work Projects.
  An extremely important document that demonstrates how United Nations and global labour legislation can protect the human rights of sex workers. This document is 366K. 158 pages in print.
• Loose women or lost women?: The re-emergence of the myth of 'white slavery' in contemporary discourses of 'trafficking in women' — By Jo Doezema. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Presented at the ISA Convention, Washington, DC, February 17-21, 1999.
  "I examine how narratives of 'white slavery' and 'trafficking in women' function as cultural myths, constructing particular conceptions of the issue of migration for the sex industry. The myths around 'white slavery' were grounded in the perceived need to regulate female sexuality under the guise of protecting women…"
• Ouch! Western feminists' 'wounded attachment' to the 'third world prostitute' — By Jo Doezema, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. May 2000. (A later version of this paper appears in Feminist Review, No. 67, Spring 2001 pp. 16-38)
• Who gets to choose? Coercion, consent and the UN Trafficking Protocol — By Jo Doezema, Institute of Development Studies, University of Brighton. (a later version of this paper published in Gender and Development, Volume 10 No. 1, March 2002).
• An interview with Jo Doezema, of the Network of Sex Work Projects: Does attention to trafficking adversely affect sex workers' rights? (PDF: RHR-DOEZEMA.PDF) — By Elaine Murphy and Karin Ringheim, Reproductive Health and Rights – Reaching the Hardly Reached. pp. 13-15.
• Helping Women Who Sell Sex: The Construction of Benevolent Identities — By Laura M^a Agustín. Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge, Issue 10 — Neo-Liberal Governmentality: Technologies of the Self & Governmental Conduct. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, Spring 2005.
  Social interventions aimed at helping the group positioned as most needy in Europe today, migrant women who sell sex, can be understood by examining that time, 200 years ago, when Ôthe prostituteÕ was identified as needing to be saved.
• Review of The Politics of Prostitution (PDF: AGUSTIN-OUTSHOORN.PDF) — By Laura M^a Agustín. Labour/Le Travail No. 55, pp. 313-315.
  The Politics of Prostitution, edited by Joyce Outshoorn, Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Migrants in the Mistress's House: Other Voices in the Trafficking Debate (PDF: AGUSTIN-MISTRESS.PDF) — By Laura M^a Agustín. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, Vol. 12, No. 1, Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. 96-117.
  When migrants' own voices are included in the 'trafficking' debate, both abolitionist and sexwork positions are found wanting.
• A Migrant World of Services (PDF: AGUSTIN-SERVICES.PDF) — By Laura M^a Agustín. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, Vol. 10, No. 3, Oxford University Press, 2004. pp. 377-396.
  Informal-sector jobs for women include domestic and caring labour and selling sex, but the latter is routinely excluded by scholars.
• Sex, Gender and Migrations: Facing Up to Ambiguous Realities — By Laura M^a Agustín. Soundings, Spring 2003, No 23, 84-98.
• Challenging 'place': leaving home for sex — By Laura M^a Agustín. Development, 45.1, pp. 110-117, 2002.
  Why 'leaving home' should not be seen as a tragedy: the power of the cosmopolitan.
• The (crying) need for different kinds of research — By Laura M^a Agustín, Research for Sex Work, 5, pp. 30-32, 2002.
  How victimising frameworks impede our understanding of migrant women.
• The em- of empowerment — By Laura M^a Agustín. Research for Sex Work, 3, 15-16, 2000.
  The patronising perils of imposing 'help' and 'self-esteem' from the outside.
• The Sex Sector: A victory for diversity — By Laura M^a Agustín and Jo Weldon. Global Reproductive Rights Newsletter 66/67, no. 2/3, pp. 31-34, 1999.
  Review of Lin Lean Lim's book on the sex industry, published by the ILO.
• Marcos nuevos para investigaciones vinculadas con el trabajo sexual — By Laura M^a Agustín. Research for Sex Work, 5, pp. 30-32, Edición española, 2002.
  Cómo los conceptos victimizadores impiden entender a las mujeres migrantes.
• Forget Victimisation: Granting Agency to Migrants (PDF: AGUSTIN-VICTIM.PDF) — By Laura M^a Agustín. Development, 46.3, 30-36 (2003)
• Working in the European Sex Industry (PDF: AGUSTIN-WORKING.PDF) — By Laura M^a Agustín. Translated from the original Spanish as published in OFRIM/Suplementos, junio 2000, 155-72 (Madrid).
• Remettre en question la notion de 'place': Quitter son pays pour le sexe (PDF: AGUSTIN-PLACE.PDF) — Par Laura M^a Agustín. ConStellation, 8, 1, 51-65.
  D'abord publié dans Development, 45.1, printemps 2002, dans le cadre du projet dirigé par la Société de Développement International (Rome) sur 'La Femme et les conséquences politiques de sa place'.
• Le migrazioni delle donne come ristrutturazione delle relazioni di genere (PDF: AGUSTIN-MIGRAZIONI.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. Pubblicato per la prima volta in: Development, Society for International Development, Rome, 45.1, 2002
  Mentre si continuano a diffondere immagini vittimizzanti delle migranti che lavorano in Europa nell'industria del sesso, tante donne partono per propria scelta e trovano nella prostituzione e nelle altre offerte dell'industria del sesso opportunità di emancipazione o altre mete difficilmente raggiungibili in patria.
• Mujeres migrantes ocupadas en servicios sexuales (PDF: AGUSTIN-MIGRANTES.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. 2001. En Mujer, inmigración y trabajo. Colectivo Ioé (coord.) Madrid: IMSERSO. La primera vez que el trabajo sexual esté incluido en un estudio contratado por el gobierno español. Amplia visión de la situación para los trabajadores sexuales migrantes en Europa; extensa bibliografía.
• Trabajar en la industria del sexo (PDF: AGUSTIN-TRABAJAR.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. Ofrim/Suplementos, junio 2000, Madrid.
  Los trabajos ofrecidos en la industria del sexo y la situación de los migrantes que allí trabajan.
• La familia española, la industria del sexo y las migrantes (PDF: AGUSTIN-BELLATERRA.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. 2002. En Sexualidades: Diversidad y Control Social. O. Guasch y O. Viñuales (coord.) Barcelona: Editorial Bellaterra.
  Una visión poco común que relaciona las vacaciones y los deseos de los europeos con los viajes de personas del tercer mundo a Europa.
• La batalla por 'la verdad' sobre los trabajadores sexuales (PDF: AGUSTIN-BATALLA.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. Ofrim/Suplementos, primavera 2003, Madrid.
  Por qué hay tanto conflicto entre los que estudian el trabajo sexual, con sugerencias sobre cómo superarlo.
• Olvidar la victimización: Los migrantes como protagonistas (PDF: AGUSTIN-OLVIDAR.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. Publicado en Development, 46.3, 30-36 (2003).
  Hay una tendencia creciente de victimizar a los pobres, a los débiles, a los no formalmente educados y a los migrantes.…
• Sex Workers and Violence Against Women: Utopic Visions or Battle of the Sexes? — By Laura M^a Agustín. Development, Society for International Development, Vol. 44, No. 3, September 2001.
  "…uncovers some of the myths around sex workers and the men engaging their services within the context of building a movement to end 'violence against women'. She argues that totalizing all experiences of prostitution with a view to punishment and criminalization does not work and advocates a much more visionary and pluralistic approach."
• Trabajo sexual y violencia contra las mujeres: ¿Visiones utópicas o batalla de los sexos? (PDF: AGUSTIN-VIOLENCIA.PDF) — Laura M^a Agustín. Publicado en Development, 44.3, 107-110 (2001).
  En el movimiento social para construir un discurso de 'violencia contra las mujeres' y sensibilizar a la sociedad sobre algunos tipos de maltrato que antes no eran reconocidos, se ha llegado a un momento en que el objetivo se centra en definir crímenes y aplicar castigos.…
• Regulating Sex: The Politics of Intimacy and Identity — Edited by Elizabeth Bernstein and Laurie Schaffner, Routledge, New York (www.routledge-ny.com), 2005.
  Part 2 (titled "The Regulation of Sexual Commerce") features essays by NSWP members: "Soft Glove, Punishing Fist: The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000" (by Wendy Chapkis), "At Home in the Street: Questioning the Desire to Help and Save" (by Laura Agustín), and "Identity to Acronym: How 'Child Prostitution' Became 'CSEC'" (by Penelope Saunders). Other essays on sex work include: "Travel and Taboo: Heterosexual Sex Tourism in the Caribbean" (Julia O'Connell Davidson & Jacqueline Sanchez Taylor), and "Desire, Demand, and the Commerce of Sex" (Elizabeth Bernstein).
• The negotiations on the UN Protocol on Trafficking in Persons: Moving the focus from morality to actual conditions (PDF: NEMESIS.PDF) — By Melissa Ditmore and Marjan Wijers. Nemesis, No. 4, 2003.
• An exploration of the meaning of a human-rights-based approach to trafficking (PDF: WIJERS-EXPLORATION.PDF) — By Marjan Wijers. Published in Alliance News, Issue 22, December 2004.
• Criminal, victim, social evil or working girl: legal approaches to prostitution and their impact on sex workers (PDF: WIJERS-CRIMINAL.PDF) — By Marjan Wijers. Presentation Seminario Internacional sobre Prostitución, Madrid 21-23 junio 2001, Instituto de la Mujer, UNED.
  Published in Spanish as "Delincuente, víctima, mal social o mujer trabajadora: perspectivas legales sobre la prostitucion", Trabajadoras del sexo, Derechos, migraciones y trafico en el siglo xxi, Raquel Osborne (ed.), Madrid: edicions bellaterra 2004.
• Only rights can stop wrongs: A critical assessment of anti-trafficking strategies (PDF: WIJERS-ONLYRIGHTS.PDF) — By Marjan Wijers, Clara Wichmann Institute, Expert Centre Women and Law, Amsterdam; Marieke van Doorninck, Mr A. de Graaf Foundation, Dutch Institute for Prostitution Issues, Amsterdam.
  Paper presented at EU/IOM STOP European Conference on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings — A Global Challenge for the 21^st Century. September 18-20, 2002, European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium.
• Migration, Sex Work, and Trafficking in Persons — By Penelope Saunders. A condensed version of this article was published as "Working on the Inside: Migration, Sex Work and Trafficking in Persons," in Legal Link (Australia), Vol. 11, No. 2, 2000.
  Can sex workers and anti-trafficking activists work together? Where do sex worker rights fit into an anti-trafficking framework? This article explores these questions based on the authors' experience as part of the NSWP lobby at the UN Trafficking Protocol negotiations.
• Sexual Trafficking and Forced Prostitution of Children — By Penelope Saunders. Presentation at a Journalists' Seminar, New York City, November, 1998.
  "I did my best to present a balanced view about young people who are involved in the sex industry and to explain the current ways of speaking about 'trafficking in children.' In my paper I raised three points regarding self-definition, sexual exploration and age in relation to a labour framework… This is not intended to be a polished article, just my notes. The second half consists of some resources I distributed to the audience."

• Data and Research on Human Trafficking: A Global Survey (PDF: IOM-GLOBALTRAFFICK.PDF) — Edited by Frank Laczko and Elzbieta Gozdziak, International Organization for Migration (www.iom.int). Offprint of the Special Issue of International Migration, Vol. 43 (1/2), 2005.
  Earlier versions of the papers in this volume were initially prepared for a conference held in Rome on 27-28 May 2004, organized by the IOM's Research Division and hosted by the Government of Italy. One of the aims of this conference was to take stock of current research on trafficking…
• Letter to the U.S. Department of State (PDF: USSTATE-LETTER.PDF) — Regarding The Link Between Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Fact Sheet, April 21, 2005.
  We are researchers and policy advocates who have worked for over a decade for the human rights of trafficked persons…
• Fact Sheet: The Link Between Prostitution and Sex Trafficking (PDF: USSTATE-LINK.PDF) — By the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (www.state.gov/g/tip), U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, November 2004.
• Child Trafficking Digital Library (www.childtrafficking.com)
  Part of the Stop Child Trafficking campaign by the Swiss Foundation, Terre des Hommes (TdH), this Nepal-based website provides many resources (in PDF format) about prevention of child trafficking and the rehabilitation of trafficking victims. TdH has been providing direct assistance to children in distress in over 30 countries since 1960, and has strict policies that ensure political, racial and religious neutrality.
• Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, Vol. 12, No. 1 — Oxford University Press, Spring 2005. (sp.oupjournals.org)
  Issue features articles about trafficking in women and children and citizen and employment rights. Among the authors are Joyce Outshoorn and Laura Agustín. (Subscription or payment per article required.)
• Trafficking,Migration, And The Law: Protecting Innocents, Punishing Immigrants (PDF: CHAPKIS-TRAFFICK.PDF) — By Wendy Chapkis, University of Southern Maine. Published in Gender & Society, December 2003.
• Innocence and purity vs. deviance and immorality: the spaces of prostitution in Nepal and Canada (PDF: GIBSON-INNOCENCE.PDF) — By Lisa Gibson, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, MA Thesis, September 2003.
• Trafficking In Human Beings and Organized Crime: A Literature Review (PDF: RCMP-TRAFFICK.PDF) — By Christine Bruckert and Colette Parent, Criminology Department, University of Ottawa. Published by the Research and Evaluation Branch; Community, Contract and Aboriginal Policing Services Directorate; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; June 2002.
• From Russia with Love? Newspaper Coverage of Cross-Border Prostitution in Northern Norway, 1990Ð2001 (PDF: STENVOLL-RUSSIA.PDF) — By Dag Stenvoll, University Of Bergen. Pulblished in The European Journal of Women's Studies Copyright © 2002 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), Vol. 9(2): 143Ð162.
• Research based on case studies of victims of trafficking in human beings in three EU Member States, i.e. Belgium, Italy and The Netherlands (PDF: HIPPOKRATES.PDF) — By the Commission of the European Communities DG Justice & Home Affairs.
• Beyond Boundaries — a critical look at women labour migration and the traffick within (PDF: BLANCHET-0204.PDF) — By Thérèse Blanchet, USAID.
• Beyond Boundaries: A Critical Look at Women Labour Migration and theTrafficking Within (PDF: BEYOND.PDF) — By Thérèse Blanchet, Drishti Research Centre. Submitted to USAID, Dhaka, April 2002.
• 'White Slavery' As Metaphor: Anatomy of a Moral Panic — By Mary Ann Irwin — August 26,1999.
  "The public outcry that followed forced Parliament to enact specific legislation and led to the establishment of local organizations and international networks which survive to the present day. The topic of "The Maiden Tribute" was white slavery — the abduction, sale, and organized rape of English virgins.…"
• From White Slaves to Trafficking Survivors: Notes on the Trafficking Debate (PDF: CMD-0002M.PDF) — By Annuska Derks, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Working Paper Series, The Center for Migration and Development, Princeton University. Working Paper No. 00-02m, May 2000.
  "…In the first part of the paper I focus on the origins and developments regarding the discussion and definitions of trafficking, which has traditionally been closely related to the discussion about prostitution. In the second part of the paper I pay attention to the global and local features of the present-day trafficking phenomenon, which takes on different forms, fulfills different purposes, includes men as well as women, and is taking place across as well as inside national borders. To conclude, I discuss the ambiguities within the debate about trafficking more generally, thereby relating to the blurred boundaries between common perceptions of trafficking and illegal migration, slavery and prostitution, but also between cultural attitudes and economic needs, coercion and free choice, which also affects trafficking experiences of migrants."
• The "Natasha" Experience: Migrant Sex Workers From The Former Soviet Union And Eastern Europe In Turkey (PDF: NATASHA.PDF) — By Leyla Gü¬lçür, New York University, New York, USA and Pinar Ilkkaracan, Women for Women's Human Rights, Turkey. Women's Studies International Forum, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 411-421, 2002.
• Benevolent State, Law-Breaking Smugglers, and Deportable and Expendable Women: An Analysis of the Canadian State's Strategy to Address Trafficking in Women (PDF: REFUGE-19.4.PDF) — By Sunera Thobani. Refuge Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 24-33.
  "In this paper I make the case that the state's proposals for addressing trafficking enable the state to posit itself as responsible for protecting "Canadians" while carefully avoiding any responsibility for the well-being of women who are trafficked; demonize smugglers as the cause of trafficking; and override the concerns and interests of women who are trafficked by making deportation the only "solution" to their presence in Canada."
• Discourses Surrounding Prostitution Policies in the UK (PDF: UK-DISCOURSE.PDF) — By Johanna Kantola and Judith Squires, Department of Politics, University of Bristol. A paper to be presented in the PSA Annual Conference, Aberdeen, April 5-7, 2002.
  "We take two particular debates as our focus: the kerb-crawling debates from the late 1970s to the present and the more recent trafficking debate. We suggest that there are three striking features about the UK discourses on prostitution: i) the absence of the sex work discourse, ii) the dominance of the public nuisance discourse in relation to kerb-crawling, and iii) the dominance of a traditional moral discourse in relation to trafficking."
• Sex industry assuming massive proportions in Southeast Asia Economic incentives and hardships fuel the growth of the sex sector: Migrant women, children are particularly vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation — International Labour Organization Press Release, August 19, 1998.
  RE: The Sex Sector: The economic and social bases of prostitution in Southeast Asia, edited by Lin Lean Lim. ISBN 92-2-109522-3. The report is available for 35 Swiss Francs. Email: pubvente@ilo.org.
  Recommendations on sex work are near the end of the press release. ThisÊpress release puts a very negative spin on what is in some ways a very radical document. The report is far from perfect, butÊit does call for prostitution to be recognised asÊlabour, quote: "For adults who freely choose sex work, the policy concerns should focus on improving their working conditions and social protection so as to ensure that they are entitled to the same labour rights and benefits as other workers.' This is the first time that an international organisation affiliated to the UN has said anything like this!ÊIt outraged anti-prostitution feminists at the Coalition against Trafficking in Women (CATW) so much that they started an international campaign against the ILO for publishing it.